从部件构形角度谈对外汉字教学

发布时间：2018-10-18 12:12

【摘要】：部件是汉字结构中最小的表义单位,也是汉字教学中基本的构形元素。作为表意文字的汉字,部件形体拆分在提示字理方面的作用不可估量,文章主要从以下几方面进行论述。第一章主要是对部件意识的初论,通过对部件定义和拆分可行性分析,引出部件拆分的层级性特征。而部件在一层层组合构字中,承担着表义、表形、表音、标示四种功能,由此形成了两种不同的构字类型。同时,部件构字的类型不是一成不变的,部件的理据演变包括理据消失、重构、依然存在三种情况。第二章主要论述了部件及变体在对外汉字教学中的作用,首先,部件分析可提示整字字理,文章中对“手”、“卩”、“尸”、“阝”等多个部件逐一分析,归纳为三种提示功能：提示事物名称、事物性质、动作行为。其次,部件拆分可区分形近(似)字、同音字、易混字。第三章主要概括了传统与颠覆性部件趣味拆分教学方法,论述了传统部件拆分法与趣味联想法的关系,并对后者进行释例分析。总之,汉字教学需紧紧把握住汉字构形的规律,依托部件,找寻理据,传统与趣味教学结合,充分带动留学生创造性的能力,分层次、分步骤进行教学设计。
[Abstract]:Component is the smallest unit in Chinese character structure, and it is also the basic configuration element in Chinese character teaching. As ideographic characters, the separation of component form plays an inestimable role in prompting word theory. This paper mainly discusses the following several aspects. The first chapter mainly discusses the consciousness of components. Through the analysis of the definition and feasibility of the components, the hierarchical features of the separation of components are deduced. And the components in the layer by layer combination construction word, undertakes to express the meaning, the form, the phonetic, the mark four kinds of functions, thus has formed two different construction word types. At the same time, the type of component construction is not invariable. The motivation evolution of the component includes the disappearance of motivation and reconstruction, and there are still three cases. The second chapter mainly discusses the function of components and variants in the teaching of foreign Chinese characters. Firstly, the part analysis can indicate the whole character theory. In the article, several parts, such as "hand", "Li", "corpse", "jiu" and so on, are analyzed one by one. It can be summarized into three functions: name, nature and action. Next, the component split can distinguish the shape near (similar) word, the homonym word, is easy to mix the word. The third chapter summarizes the teaching methods of the traditional and subversive interesting separation of components, discusses the relationship between the traditional separation of components and the interesting association, and makes an analysis of the latter. In a word, the teaching of Chinese characters should hold firmly the law of Chinese character configuration, rely on parts, find motivation, combine tradition with interesting teaching, fully promote the creative ability of foreign students, and carry out teaching design step by step.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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