俄汉语中被动结构对比研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 22:58

【摘要】：被动范畴是各种语言中普遍存在的语法范畴。对于被动意义的表达，在不同语言中却并不相同。在汉语和俄语中，被动结构的表达和使用，既有相同之处，又有明显差异。通过分析比较，揭示俄汉语间被动结构的相关性和差异性，无论是从母语本体研究角度还是第二语言教学研究角度，都有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文先分别将汉语和俄语中被动句依据不同的标记分类，进行分析论述。通过对俄汉被动结构的对比研究，联系二者在结构特点、语义特征、语用功能和语体修辞色彩方面的异同之处，针对对外汉语教学中出现的被动结构教学问题及留学生偏误现象，以有助于做出有效分析及解决方案的拟定。本文共分为六章。第一章绪论简要的叙述了研究汉俄语中被动结构的目的和意义、研究范围、内容和方法，并分别介绍了前人对汉语被动句、俄语被动结构的研究概况和现状。第二章主要介绍分析了俄语中被动结构的使用和表达，，将不同标记形式作为分析研究的分类标准，主要是：带－С Я动词，被动形动词短尾及动词的第三人称或过去时形式。在俄语中，被动态意义的表达形式受到谓语动词的“性、数、格、时、体”的影响，形式不同意义上也有所差别。第三章分类研究了汉语中被动句的用法。主要分为：“被”字句及其变体，“遭、受、挨”字句和“是......的”被动句。并将“被”字句作为本章研究的重点。第四章是关于俄汉被动结构的对比研究，通过俄汉语间双向对比，从结构特点、语义特征、语用功能和语体修辞色彩方面这四个方面找出了二者的关联和差异。第五章主要讨论了在对外汉语教学中出现的问题，并通过分析HSK动态作文语料库中检索到的俄罗斯学生出现的被动结构错误例句，考察母语负迁移对他们学习汉语被动句的影响。针对不同水平的教学对象提出相应的教学建议。第六章为本文的结论，对全文进行了简洁的概括总结，同时指出论文中的不足，及下一阶段需要进行的工作内容。本文主要以汉俄语被动结构对比为重点，不但注重表达功能上的差异，更注重句法层面的对比；既有内容的描写，也有实例的解释。
[Abstract]:Passive category is a universal grammatical category in various languages. The expression of passive meaning is not the same in different languages. In Chinese and Russian, the expression and use of passive structures have similarities and differences. Through the analysis and comparison, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to reveal the relativity and difference of passive structure between Russian and Chinese, both from the perspective of mother tongue ontology research and second language teaching research. In this paper, the passive sentences in Chinese and Russian are classified according to different markers. Through the contrastive study of the passive structure in Russian and Chinese, the similarities and differences between them in the structural characteristics, semantic features, pragmatic functions and rhetorical colors of the style are discussed. Aiming at the problems of passive structure teaching and foreign students' errors in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, it is helpful to make effective analysis and solution. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter briefly describes the purpose and significance of the study of passive structure in Chinese and Russian, the scope, content and methods of the study, and introduces the current situation of the previous researches on passive sentence and passive structure in Russian. The second chapter mainly introduces and analyzes the use and expression of passive structures in Russian. Different marker forms are used as the classification criteria for analysis and research. The main classification criteria are as follows: banding verb, passive verb short tail and the third person or past tense form of verb. In Russian, the expression of the dynamic meaning is influenced by the "nature, number, case, tense, aspect" of the predicate verb. Chapter three studies the usage of passive sentences in Chinese. Mainly divided into: "Bei" and its variants, "suffer, receive, receive" and "yes." Passive sentence And take the word "be" as the focus of this chapter. The fourth chapter is a contrastive study on the passive structure between Russian and Chinese. Through the two-way comparison between Russian and Chinese, the author finds out the relationship and difference between the two from the aspects of structural characteristics, semantic features, pragmatic functions and rhetorical color. The fifth chapter mainly discusses the problems in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and analyzes the examples of Russian students' passive structural errors found in the HSK dynamic composition corpus. To investigate the influence of negative transfer of mother tongue on their learning Chinese passive sentences. The corresponding teaching suggestions are put forward for different teaching objects. The sixth chapter is the conclusion of this paper. It summarizes the whole paper briefly and points out the deficiency of the paper and the work to be done in the next stage. This paper focuses on the comparison of passive structures in Chinese and Russian, not only on the differences in expression function, but also on the comparison of syntactic level, as well as on the description of content and the explanation of examples.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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